Maximum distortion angle

Figure 3.9 Graph of the dependence of the maximum distortion angle 0rn upon the dimensionless magnetic field ff for the one>constant approximation K discussed in the text. He —2with a > 0.

Figure 3.12 Graphs obtained via equation (3.176) showing the dependency of the maximum distortion angle dm upon the dimensionless magnetic field H when the prescribed pretilt 9o of the director at the boundaries takes the values 0 , 2 and 10° and K = Kz — K. He = classical value of the critical threshold...

Figure 3.13 The freedericksz transition when the director is strongly anchored parallel to the boundaries and the magnetic field is tilted to the boundaries by a fixed angle a as shown. The Freedericksz transition occurs at fic = 0 but, for a f, the maximum distortion angle Bm remains relatively small until He as derived from equation (3.206).

For a given fixed voltage V, the maximum distortion angle 0m can be calculated numerically from (3.236) this value of 0m is then inserted into (3.234) to finally yield the solution for 0 implicitly as a function of z. 

Consider the maximum distortions observed in the MO2 and MO3 groups listed in Table 8.1 (M = a cation from Group 15 or 16). If there were no dipole, the ions would be planar with an O-M-0 angle of 120° (180° in the case of... 

Further concerns regard other technical aspects. For example, out-of-plane motions of the particles caused by normal-to-laser-sheet velocity fluctuations, or the maximum parallax angle related to perspective distortions that grow from fhe confer to the edges of the images. 

From our results, we have estimated that for a pump intensity of 100 W/cm at a = 30°, the maximum reorientation angle of w is 30°, which corresponds to A 0.04. This is compared to An -2X 10"in CSg at the same pump intensity. We therefore expect that nonlinear optical propagation effects in a nematic liquid crystal are easily observable. We did, in fact, observe strong wavefront distortion of the pump-laser beam in our experiment. The nonlinearity can be further enhanced with a proper dc electric or magnetic bias field oh the medium. Novel nonlinear optical experiments arising from such large non-linearities can be anticipated. 

When the iterative maximum localization extended Hiickel (IML-EH) method is applied to the drug molsidomine 12 (Section 5.03.12), the angle widening at N2-N3-C4 observed by X-ray analysis, 115° instead of the typical 108°, is due to induced polarization <1998JMT291>. The N3 position is the most electron deficient, followed by C-5. The N+-N bond connecting N3 to the morpholine ring has no 71 character despite the electron deficiency at N3 and the distortion toward planarity. 

Given the normal van der Waals radii of the atoms, expected bond angles, and the planarity of the peptide bond, only two regular, repeating structures exist without distortion and with maximum hydrogen-bond formation ... 

---