Mass balance equations surface complexation calculations

As seen from Equations 1.54-1.56, the intrinsic stability constants of surface reactions are dependent on two factors a chemical and an electric contribution. The chemical contribution is taken into consideration by the mass balance the electric contribution is treated by the charge balance. There are several surface complexation models that mainly differ in the description of the electric double layer that is used to calculate the surface potential, which is done by different double-layer models. These models have been mentioned previously in this chapter. Since, however, the terminology usually used in electrochemistry, colloid chemistry and, especially, in the discussions of surface complexation models is different, they are repeated again ... 

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