Mass Action and Concentration Dependence of Chemical Potential

Mass Action and Concentration Dependence of Chemical Potential... 

We have only discussed two of the sixteen fields given in the figure, the prediction of the direction in which a reaction can proceed spontaneously by means of the chemical potential and the temperature and pressure dependence of p and its application. A next step would be to go over to mass action, i.e., the concentration dependence of p. This leads directly to the deduction of the mass action law, calculation of equilibrium constants, solubilities, and many other data. An expansion of the concept to colligative phenomena, diffusion processes, surface effects, electrochemical processes, etc., is easily possible. Furthermore, the same tools allow solving problems even at the atomic and molecular level that are usually treated by quantum statistical methods. 

Summary. The classical mass action law of chemical kinetics was proved, in fact, in the linear fluid mixture as the general constitutive equations for the reaction rates which were reproduced in this section as (4.470). This law generally states that the rates depend only on temperature and composition expressed by densities, molar concentrations or activities or, alternatively, even by (molar) chemical potentials. The equilibrium constant of independent reactions was defined by (4.474). Then we have shown on several reaction examples how the general function reaction rate-concentrations (or reaction rate-activities) can be approximated by a suitable... 

Law of Diffusion The flow of matter in a homogeneous environment at low concentration Cg represents an important special case. Here, the concentration, and indirectly the position dependency of the chemical potential, can be expressed by the mass action equation ... 

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