Mannich reaction, derivatization reactions

A variety of commercially useful polyacrylamides obtained via the derivatization of polyacrylamide are reported. These include the formation of anioiuc polyacrylamide through hydrolysis [17], the synthesis of sulfomethylated derivatives from the reaction of polyacrylamide with formaldehyde and sodium bisulfate [18], the formation of aminomethylated polyacrylamide from the reaction of polyacrylamide with formaldehyde and dimethylamine (Mannich reaction) [19], and the generation of various derivatives by transamidation reactions including hydroxamated polyacrylamides used as a flocculant in the Bayer process [20, 21]. Huorescent polyacrylamide or polyacrylate derivatives, useful for monitoring polymer concentration in industrial applications, are obtained by the incorporation of a small amount of fluorescent monomer into the polymer backbone [22]. 

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