Manganese toxicity catecholamines

Graham, D.G. (1984). Catecholamines toxicity a proposal for the molecular pathogenesis of manganese toxicity and Parkinson s disease. Neurotoxicolc 5, 83-96. 

Allowing that the above transfer system involving Mn does occur, the cause of manganese neurotoxicity is still little understood. Archibald and Tyree [75] propose that the ability of to attack catecholamines indicates that this metal ion is toxic in itself, while other workers [76-78] see the toxicity as being due to a variety of causes such as autooxidation of dopamine, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels [64,79], reduced GSH peroxidase and brain catalase [79], and Mn -induced production either of toxic catecholamines and quinones [77] or of reactive oxo species such as superoxide, hydroxide radicals, or hydrogen peroxide [77,80,81]. A further excellent summary of much of the above detail is given by Donaldson and Barbeau [82]. 

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