Malvidin chemical structure

The most important members of the flavonoid family include anthocyanidins (e.g., cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin), flavonols (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), flavones (e.g., luteolin, apigenin), flavanones (e.g., myricetin, naringin, hesperetin, naringenin), flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin) and, although sometimes classified separately, the isoflavones (e.g., genistein, daidzein). For chemical structures see Figure 1. All these phytochemical are frequently referred to as bioflavonoids due to well established effects in human health maintenance. 

FIGURE 35.14 Syringic acid is released from the flavyUum structure of malvidin-3-glucoside in the polymerized pigment by alkaline fusion throngh the formation of a hydrated chemical form in which the pyran (C ring) is broken in two steps ([124] figure reproduced with kind permission). 

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