Maitlis

The first quantitative studies of the nitration of quinoline, isoquinoline, and cinnoline were made by Dewar and Maitlis, who measured isomer proportions and also, by competition, the relative rates of nitration of quinoline and isoquinoline (1 24-5). Subsequently, extensive kinetic studies were reported for all three of these heterocycles and their methyl quaternary derivatives (table 10.3). The usual criteria established that over the range 77-99 % sulphuric acid at 25 °C quinoline reacts as its cation (i), and the same is true for isoquinoline in 71-84% sulphuric acid at 25 °C and 67-73 % sulphuric acid at 80 °C ( 8.2 tables 8.1, 8.3). Cinnoline reacts as the 2-cinnolinium cation (nia) in 76-83% sulphuric acid at 80 °C (see table 8.1). All of these cations are strongly deactivated. Approximate partial rate factors of /j = 9-ox io and /g = i-o X io have been estimated for isoquinolinium. The unproto-nated nitrogen atom of the 2-cinnolinium (ina) and 2-methylcinno-linium (iiiA) cations causes them to react 287 and 200 more slowly than the related 2-isoquinolinium (iia) and 2-methylisoquinolinium (iii)... 

The calculation of localization energies in heteroaromatic systems derived from alternant hydrocarbons has been simplified by Dewar and Maitlis (57JCS2521). This approach has had considerable success the results provide a somewhat empirical index of reactivity. 

Pre-heating a product in an industriai process Drying mait... 

Giroud-Godquin AM, Maitlis PM (1991) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 30 375 and references cited therein... 

Organometallic Chemistry, a series of monographs. Series editors, P. M. Maitlis, F. G. A. Stone, and R. West. Academic Press, New York. 

P. M. Maitlis Trans. NY. Acad. Chemistry of some novel rhodium 10 Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl 0... 

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