Magnetic charges

A topological vacuum magnetic charge, proposed also by Barrett [3,4] and Harmuth [21,22]... 

Equations (573) have overall 0(3) symmetry, and have the same structure as the Maxwell-Heaviside equations with magnetic charge and current [3,4]. From Eqs. (573), we obtain the wave equation... 

In this section, the field equations (31) and (32) are considered in free space and reduced to a form suitable for computation to give the most general solutions for the vector potentials in the vacuum in 0(3) electrodynamics. This procedure shows that Eqs. (86) and (87) are true in general, and are not just particular solutions. On the 0(3) level, therefore, there exist no topological monopoles or magnetic charges. This is consistent with empirical data—no magnetic monopoles of any kind have been observed in nature. 

Equation (584) implies that the topological magnetic charge-current... 

The disappearance of the magnetic charge-current (585) means that the topological terms on the right-hand sides of Eqs. (95)-(100) vanish identically in the vacuum. The only topological charges and currents present are therefore those introduced by Lehnert [7-10]. There is no empirical evidence for the existence of an El3> field, so we are left with... 

Equation (C.5) means that there are no magnetic charge or current densities in 0(3) electrodynamics. 

VIII. Topological Quantization of Electric and Magnetic Charges... 

VIII. TOPOLOGICAL QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC CHARGES... 

Therefore, the present writer suggested [8] that the Mikhailov effect [23], and the Ehrenhaft effect (Felix Ehrenhaft, 1879-1952), which address demonstrations exhibiting magnetic charge-like behavior, are examples of instanton or pseudoparticle behavior. Stated differently (1) the instanton shows that there are ways, other than possession of high energy, to achieve high symmetry states and (2) symmetry dictates behavior. 

We next observe that cpM is in units of volt-seconds (V s) or kg m 2/ (A s-2) = J/A. From Eq. (12) it can be seen that A8 and the phase factor, , are dimensionless. Therefore we can make the prediction that if the magnetic flux, (pM, is known and the phase factor, [Pg.730]

Dipole — is the general term applied for two spatially distinct electric or magnetic charges (or poles) of equal amount, but spatially separated. A measure of the strength of a dipole is the dipole moment. In a narrow sense, especially in chemistry and physics of matter, dipole is referred to specimens with a permanent dipole moment, and usually to the electric dipole, only. (See also -> dipole moment). 

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