Magnet/magnetism magnetic center/domain

Figure 11. Pinning and nucleation. Pinning means that coercivity is created by trapping the domain wall at pronounced inhomogenities (pinning centers). In the absence of pinning centers, the coercivity is determined by the reversal field at which the original magnetization configuration becomes unstable (nucleation).

Figure 3. AFM (A and C) and MFM images (B and D) of a CoCrPt thin film medium directly patterned by FIB. Magnetic-domain images taken by spin-SEM after electron bombardment of a centered square for 1200 s (E) in-plane, and (F) out-of-plane magnetization component.

Fig. 2.4. (A) Sketch of the cryostat insert for single-molecule spectroscopy by fluorescence excitation. The focus of lens L is placed in the sample S by the magnet/coil pair M, C. (B) Scan over the inhomogeneous line (a) with a 2 GHz region expanded (b) to show isolated single-molecule absorption profiles. (C) Three-dimensional pseudo-image of single molecules of pentacene in p-terphenyl. The measured fluorescence signal (z-axis) is shown over a range of 300 MHz in excitation frequency (horizontal axis, center = 592.544 nm) and 40 pm in spatial position (axis into the page). (D) Rotation of the data in (c) to show that in the spatial domain, the single molecule maps out the shape of the laser focal spot. Bar, 5 pm. For details, see [33]...

The sharper resonances in the C6 and C4 regions, centered at 66 and 90 ppm, respectively, each appear to consist of more than one resonance line even though the resolution is not sufficient to distinguish the components well. The C6 resonance seems to include at least two components, whereas the C4 resonance appears to include three closely spaced component lines. These multiplicities were interpreted as arising from carbons in the cellulose molecules within the interior of crystalline domains and therefore taken as evidence of the occurrence of chemically equivalent carbons in nonequivalent magnetic environments within the crystalline domains. 

With the stoichiometry ZrSej 94, zirconium diselenide is a semiconductor with an empty tjg band ( 16.4.3.1). The LijZrSej 94 intercalation compounds show a phase transition when x reaches 0.40. A continuous filling of the octahedral sites of the van der Waals gap (see Fig. 1, 16.4.3.1.) is observed over the whole composition domain (0 < X < 1) according to a classical CdIj-NiAs transition. Electrical, electrochemical, magnetic, NMR and EPR measurements affirm that it is a purely electronic transition. Below X = 0.40 the electrons are localized on zirconium centers, reducing Zr ions Zr above x = 0.40 a metallic behavior is observed. 

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