Magnesium atomic energy levels

Magnesium obtains a full outer energy level by losing two electrons. These are transferred to the oxygen atom. In magnesium oxide, the Mg2+ and O2- are oppositely charged and are attracted to one another. The formula for magnesium oxide is MgO. 

The Hall effect provides a measure of the net carrier concentration of the dopants. Depending on the depth of the dopants, the activation of the impurity can be very much reduced. For example, Mg in GaN forms a level at 250 meV above the valence band, and the percentage of activation of the magnesium atoms at room temperature is about 1%. DLTS provides a measure of the deep states within the bandgap of the semiconductor. However, it only provides the activation energy and the impurity concentration, and it does not give the exact nature of the impurity concerned. Implantation experiments are required to correlate known impurities with the energy levels measured by DLTS. 

A representation of the energy levels (bands) in a magnesium crystal. The electrons in the Is, 2s, and XP orbitals are close to the nuclei and thus are localized on each magnesium atom as shown. However, the 3s and 3p valence orbitals overlap and mix to form MOs. Electrons in these energy levels can travel... 

The electrons in the first and second energy levels shield the two valence electrons in the magnesium atom from the full effect of 12 nuclear protons. ... 

FIGURE S-1 Energy level diagrams for (a) atomic sodium and (b) magnesium(l) ion. Note the similarity in pattern of lines shown in blue but not in actual wavelengths (A),... 

Fig. 12.2 Energy level diagram for atomic magnesium. Strong lines indicate greater line intensities. The singlet/triplet transition has a significantly lower probability for occurrence than the singlet/singlet transition.

Atomic structure diagrams of fluorine, sodium, and magnesium atoms. The number of protons and neutrons is shown in the nucleus. The number of electrons is shown in each principal energy level outside the nucleus. 

What is the difference in energy between the two levels responsible for the ultraviolet emission line of the magnesium atom at 285.2 nm ... 

---