Macromolecule, concept

G. R. Newkome, C. N. Moorefield, F. Vogtle, Dendritic Macromolecules Concepts, Syntheses, Perspectives, VCH, Weinheim, 1996. 

Newkome, G.R. Moorefield, C.N. Vogtle, F. Dendritic Macromolecules Concepts, Synthesis, Perspectives Wiley-VCH Weinheim, 1996. 

Wegner G (2003) Nanocomposites of hairy-rod macromolecules concept, constructs, and materials, Macromol Chem Phys 204 347-357. 

Figures 9.2, 9.3, 9.5 and 9.6 are from Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 204, 2003, Author Wegner G, Title Nanocomposites of hairy-rod macromolecules concept, constructs, and materials, pp. 347-357, Copyright (2003), with permission from Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. 

J. T. Edsall, Proteins as macromolecules an essay on the development of the macromolecule concept and some of its vicissitudes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Suppl. 1 (1962), 12-20. 

In 1941, Flory80 introduced the concept of hyperbranched macromolecules by polymerization of a trifunctional AB2 monomer (Fig. 5.16). From a chemical point of view, perfectly defined structures were obtained when the monomer reactions were performed step by step At each step, a polyfunctional molecule... 

Molecularly motivated empiricisms, such as the solubility parameter concept, have been valuable in dealing with mixtures of weakly interacting small molecules where surface forces are small. However, they are completely inadequate for mixtures that involve macromolecules, associating entities like surfactants, and rod-like or plate-like species that can form ordered phases. New theories and models are needed to describe and understand these systems. This is an active research area where advances could lead to better understanding of the dynamics of polymers and colloids in solution, the rheological and mechanical properties of these solutions, and, more generally, the fluid mechaiucs of non-Newtonian liquids. 

Minssen, M., Walgenbach, W. (1985) Naturstoffe, Kunststoffe und das Makro-molekulkonzept [Natural and Synthetic Polymers and the conception of Macromolecules]. Kiel IPN. 

It is very difficult and scarce to find literature to study the electrokinetic phenomena of proteins or macromolecules in solution therefore limit us to the basic concepts of electrokinetic changes observed, they are conformational change because of the presence of salts and the zeta potential change in pH. 

The maturity of dendrimer chemistry has led to confusion among researchers, because there are no specific research objectives in this field. It may be a good idea to design and synthesize a novel macromolecule, a non-dendrite-shaped molecule, keeping the concept of the dendrimer in mind. The nano-sized closed space inside the molecule is one of the key concepts for novel macromolecular chemistry. 

This manuscript describes the dendritic macromolecules for optical and optoelectronic apph-cations, particularly stimulated emission, laser emission, and nonlinear optics. Dendrimers have been designed and synthesized for these applications based on simple concepts. A coreshell structure, through the encapsulation of active imits by dendritic branches, or a cone-shaped structure, through the step-by-step reactions of active imits, can provide particular benefits for the optical high-gain media and nonlinear optical materials. It also described experimental results that support the methods presented for designing and fabricating functionalized dendrimers for optoelectronic applications, and theoretical results that reveal the intermolecular electronic effect of the dendritic structure. 

Michaeli (1960) opposed these views. He concluded that whatever the exact mechanism was, the binding of divalent cations caused contraction and coiling of the polyelectrolyte as was the case with adds. He disagreed with the concept of ionic crosslinking. The phenomenon of precipitation could be explained simply in terms of reduced solubility. From this he concluded that precipitation took place in an already coiled molecule and the matrix consisted of spherical macromolecules containing embedded cations. 

---