Macroencapsulation technique

Singh et al. [33] patented a macroencapsulation technique in which waste forms are coated with a polymer for successful retention of Cl and NO3. This macroencapsulation of the waste forms reduced the nitrate leaching further in the ANS 16.1 test. Details may be found in Ref. [5]. 

Solidification refers to techniques that encapsulate the waste, forming a solid material, and does not necessarily involve a chemical interaction between the contaminants and the solidifying additives. The product of solidification, often known as the waste form, may be a monolithic block, a clay-like material, a granular particulate, or some other physical form commonly considered solid. Solidification as applied to fine waste particles, typically 2 mm or less, is termed microencapsulation and that which applies to a large block or container of wastes is termed macroencapsulation [29]. 

Macroencapsulation Method for Immobilization of Osmium Tetroxide. Macroencapsulation is a technique for entrapping pre-... 

The handbook chapter Porous Silicon Membranes reviews the different fabrication routes and applications of mesoporous and macroporous silicon membranes. Among inoiganic membrane materials, porous silicon has been the most studied for immunoisolation (macroencapsulation). Desai and Ferrari developed a micro fabrication technique to produce controlled slit pores in 0.5-5 pm-thick Si membranes (see Fig. 2) (Leoni and Desai 2004 Desai et al. 1998, 2000a, b, 2004). The width of these pores (constant length of 45 pm) can be varied from 7 to 100 nm with less than 5 % of variation. The pores are produced by dissolution of a thermally grown sacrificial silicon oxide layer. These membranes present a porosity of 1 % (Leoni and Desai 2004 Desai et al. 2000b). 

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