Lytic preparation

See, for instance, Oettel, Electrochemical Experiments, 1897 (translated by E. F. Smith) also Oettel, Practical Exercises in Electrochemistry, 1897 (translated by E. F. Smith, Phila.) Elbs, Experiments for the Electro-lytical Preparation of Chemical Preparations, Halle, 1902. 

Fig. 5.40. Normalized current j versus normalized field 0 for a sample of electro-lytically prepared a-Ge (after Camphausen, Connell and Paul (1972)).

The textural (stickiness and consistency on cooking) and physiochemical properties of rice could not be explained on the basis of the total amylose content but these properties correlated well with the insoluble amylose content. The protein content had no effect on these properties. A cross-linked amylose has been used as a substrate to determine the a- and )3-amylase activities of amylo-lytic preparations. ... 

Recovery. The principal purpose of recovery is to remove nonproteinaceous material from the enzyme preparation. Enzyme yields vary, sometimes exceeding 75%. Most industrial enzymes are secreted by a microorganism, and the first recovery step is often the removal of whole cells and other particulate matter (19) by centrifugation (20) or filtration (21). In the case of ceU-bound enzymes, the harvested cells can be used as is or dismpted by physical (eg, bead mills, high pressure homogenizer) and/or chemical (eg, solvent, detergent, lysozyme [9001 -63-2] or other lytic enzyme) techniques (22). Enzymes can be extracted from dismpted microbial cells, and ground animal (trypsin) or plant (papain) material by dilute salt solutions or aqueous two-phase systems (23). 

The present procedure was developed from those of Wallach and Freylon, based upon the general method discovered by Leuckart. a-Phenylethylamine also can be prepared satisfactorily by the reduction of acetophenone oxime with sodium and absolute alcohol or sodium amalgam, but the reagents are more expensive and the processes less convenient. The amine has been obtained by reducing acetophenone oxime electro-lytically, by reducing acetophenone phenylhydrazone with sodium amalgam and acetic acid, from a-phenylethyl bromide and hexamethylenetetramine, and by the action of methyl-magnesium iodide upon hydrobenzamide, as well as by other methods of no preparative value. 

En me Preparation. The four 1,3-j -glucanases, GI, GII, GIV, and GVIII were purified from lytic enzyme system produced by Streptomyces sp. 1228 using methods previously described (17). 

The synthesis of deoxysepiapterin (82) has been recently achieved by homo-lytic nucleophilic substitution of the pteridine nucleus by acyl radicals (505). Since this substitution arises preferentially at the most electron-deficient 7 position, protection at 7 position is necessary for nucleophilic attack at the 6 position. 2,4-Diamino-7-methylthiopteridine (597) and 2-amino-4- -pentyloxy-7-n-pro-pylthiopteridine (600), protected by the thio function, can be used as starting materials. Homolytic acylation of 597 with the system propionalde-hyde/Fe2+//ert-butylhydroperoxide afforded 6-propionylpteridine (598) in good yields, which could be transformed to deoxysepiapterin (82) by selective hydrolysis followed by deprotection of the thio function (Scheme 75). Deoxysepiapterin (82) can also be prepared by a similar procedure from 600. 

Preliminary to the preparation of the gel of ferrous hydroxide, it will be necessary to prepare a solution of sodium ferrate, NazFeCh. This can be done electro-lytically according to the directions in Exercise 22. 

At present, the binary water-soluble preparation of heparin and proteolytic enzymes is being applied for the treatment of thromboses. For instance, injection into the bloodstream of heparin-plasmin complex or a heparin-plasmin-streptokinase preparation leads to the total dissolution of the thrombus, while if introduced separately, heparin and streptokinase do not display the lytic action at all, and plasmin, alone or together with streptokinase, dissolves the thrombus only partially 132>. The treatment of acute thrombophlebitis with trypsin resulted in a full dissolution of the thrombus and in an increase of antithrombin III in the blood 133). Administration of trypsin together with heparin has an effect similar in efficiency to the action of the heparin-plasmin complex 134>. The use of a mix of heparin and urokinase for improving tbrom-boresistance of polymeric materials was also described 13S). These substances were immobilized by preliminary coating of the surface of a polymer with a graphite layer and subsequent adsorption of heparin and the enzyme. 

The Krogmann salts are prepared by partial oxidation of the integral oxidation state compounds. Oxidation can be carried out either by chemical means (Cl2, H202 or atmospheric 02) or electro-lytically. Details of the preparative details of many of these compounds have been published.28 In many cases high quality single crystals can be obtained suitable for solid state studies. 

In the crystalline state, radiolysis is the most suitable, free-radical generator. However, the specificity in producing a certain radical species is usually less here than in aqueous solutions, as the radiation energy is absorbed by the carbohydrate itself. Specific reactions, sometimes of preparative interest, occur only if chain reactions are induced within the crystalline material by the radicals generated in the radio-lytic processes. 

The impure material is very explosive [1]. The pure material, prepared by a thermo-lytic method, is stable as a solid at —103°C, but on melting it decomposes to ammonium hydrogen difluoride and nitrogen [2],... 

Coughlin 1 has. substantially verified the results of Elbs in the case of bromoform. He obtained only small quantities of this body which can be easily prepared electro-lytically from acetone. The formation of iodoform, on the contrary, takes place smoothly. It is obtained technically according to the above-mentioned patent. Elbs and Herz have established the following conditions for this reaction. 

Potassium hyponitrite, K2N202.—The hyponitrite can be prepared from potassium nitrite by reduction with potassium-amalgam, or electro-lytically.6 Its heat of formation in aqueous solution is 116-2 Cal.7... 

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