Low-energy radiation

Rhenium, atomic wt 186.2, occurs in nature as two nucHdes Re [14391-28-7] mass 184.9530, in 37.500% abundance and Re [14391-29-8], mass 186.9560, in 62.500% abundance. The latter isotope is radioactive, emitting very low energy radiation and having a half-life estimated at 4.3 ( 0.5) X 10 ° yr. The radioactive decay of this isotope has been used to date accurately the time of Earth s formation. 

Use of non-ionizing low energy radiation that is relatively harmless to tissues. 

So far, most of this discussion applies to the generation and study of radical cations. How about radical anions These species are more difficult to generate in isolated form in cryogenic matrices because in solvents that do not significantly stabilize charged species (such as noble gases), isolated radical anions are prone to suffer detachment of the loosely bound extra electron, either spontanously or under the impact of low-energy radiation. This situation contrasts with that encountered in solvents such as methyltetrahydrofuran, which can be routinely... 

Equations (3) and (4) represent work in two later papers.43,43 Low energy radiation is likewise used and the solvent is predominantly water. 

Radiation may consist of particles, of electromagnetic waves, and of compres-sional (i.e. sound) waves. Thus a discussion of the chemical effects of low energy radiation could have a vast scope and would be very superficial and indeed meaningless unless limited carefully. Such a limitation must needs be arbitrary. Since the action of compressional waves is different in character from that of either moving charged particles or electromagnetic waves we will omit completely any discussion of their effects. 

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