Loniten - Minoxidil

Vasodilating drugs—for example, hydralazine (Apresoline) and minoxidil (Loniten)... 

Direct Vasodilators Isosorbide dinitrate 20 mg and hydralazine 37.5 (BiDil) 1-2 tablets three times a day Minoxidil (Loniten) Hydralazine Heart failure (isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine in African-Americans) A-HeFT66 Edema (minoxidil) Tachycardia Lupus-like syndrome (hydralazine) ... 

Minoxidil is a peripheral vasodilator that directly relaxes vascular smooth musculature, thus, lowering systolic and diastolic pressure. Its action is linked to the activation of calcium channels. Open calcium channels cause hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells, which in turn, reduces the flow of calcium ions into the cell, which is necessary for supporting vascular tonicity. However, when taking minoxidil, tachycardia, elevated renin secretion, and water and sodium ion retention all appear simultaneously with hypotension. Because of potentially serious side effects, it is used only for severe hypertension that does not respond to treatment with other drugs, and absolutely in combination with two other antihypertensive drugs. A synonym of this drug is loniten. 

Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil, Sorbitrate, Dilatrate-SR) Isosorbide Mononitrate (Ismo, Imdur) Minoxidil (Loniten, Rogaine)... 

Minoxidil (Loniten) is an orally effective vasodilator. It is more potent and longer acting than hydralazine and does not accumulate significantly in patients with renal insufficiency. It depends on in vivo metabolism by hepatic enzymes to produce an active metabolite, minoxidil sulfate. Minoxidil sulfate activates potassium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle and relaxation of the blood vessel. 

The primary vasodilators used in hypertension are hydralazine (Apresoline) and minoxidil (Loniten) (Table 21-5). These drugs are not usually the first medications used in patients with hypertension, but tend to be added to the drug regimen if other agents (diuretics, beta blockers) fail.89 Hydralazine is likewise used to lower blood pressure in emergency situations... 

Diazoxide (Hyperstat) Hydralazine (Apresoline) Minoxidil (Loniten) Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)... 

Vasodilators, including guanfacine (Tenex), methyl-dopa (Aldomet), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), hydralazine (Apresoline), and minoxidil (Loniten). 

The stereochemistry of the hydroxylatcd centers in the two metabolites has not been clearly established. Biotransformation of the antihypenensive agent minoxidil (Loniten) yields the 4 -hydroxypiperidyl metabolite. In the dog. this product is a major urinary metabolite (29 to 47%). whereas in humans it is detected in. small amounts... 

Direct arterial vasodilators Minoxidil (Loniten) 10 0 1 or 2 Should be used with diuretic and / -blocker to... 

Minoxidil (loniten) is efficacious in patients with the most severe and drug-resistant forms of hypertension. A small fraction of minoxidil is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase to the active molecule, minoxidil N-O sulfate. Minoxidil sulfate activates the ATP-modulated channel in smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization and relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle. Minoxidil produces arteriolar vasodilation with essentially no effect on capacitance vessels. Minoxidil preferentially increases blood flow to skin, skeletal muscle, the GI tract, and the heart. The disproportionate increase in blood flow to the heart may have a metabolic basis, in that administration of minoxidil is associated with a reflex increase in myocardial contractility and in cardiac output. The cardiac output can increase by as much as three- to fourfold, primarily due to enhanced venous return to the heart. The increased venous return probably results from enhanced flow in vascular beds with a fast response for venous return to the heart. The adrenergic increase in myocardial contractility contributes to the increased cardiac output, but is not the predominant factor. The renal effects of minoxidil are complex it dilates renal arteries, but systemic hypotension produced by the drug actually can decrease renal blood flow. Renal function usually improves in patients who take minoxidil for the treatment of hypertension, especially if renal dysfunction is secondary to hypertension. Minoxidil potently stimulates renin secretion, an effect mediated by renal sympathetic stimulation. 

Minoxidil (Loniten) tt n Hypertension that has not been controlled by other drugs. Topical remedy for male pattern baldness. As for hydralazine. /Mso, cardiac muscle lesions, pulmonary damage, hirsutism. 

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