Long-range coherence

It is often useful to describe the dislocation content of coherent and semicoherent interfaces in terms of another framework which employs coherency dislocations and anticoherency dislocations. The basic idea is illustrated in Fig. B.8, which shows the same two boundaries shown previously in Fig. B.76 and c. The coherency dislocations possess a stress field equivalent to the long-range coherency stresses associated with the coherent interface. They are not real dislocations in the... 

A detailed and very successful investigation of the complex structure has shown that there exists no spatial order in these systems (vid. Ref. 3, chapter 2 for details). However, it is well-known in modern physics that, besides spatial order, other types of order do exist, e.g. order of motion. In many cases this type of order can be described by long range coherence. 

Using EBL or ion beam lithography (IBL) a variation of shapes and dimensions can bee realized even down to 10 nm in size. With EBL large areas cannot be made accurately due to the problems with the long-range coherence of the e-beam writer and also the throughput is very low. But it is a very flexible method for the fabrication of nanostructures of arbitrary shapes for research [4]. Recently it has been shown that EB and IB projection methods can solve the problems with the throughput and mis-coherence... 

Frolich, H., Long Range Coherence and the Action of Enzymes, Nature... 

Fig. 9.13 A montage of five AFM images from cleaved (100) surfaces of quasi-singlecrystalline HDPE having long-range coherence over several long periods and showing no apparent borders between crystalline and amorphous domains (from Schonherr et al. (1995) courtesy of Elsevier).

H. Frohlich, Long Range Coherence and Energy Storage in Biological Systems, Int J. Quantum Chem. 2, 641-649 (1968). 

H. Frohlich, The Biological Effects of Microwaves and Related Questions, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 53, 85-152 (1980) H. Frohlich, Long-Range Coherence in Biological Systems, Riv. Nuovo Cimento 7, 399-418 (1977). 

R. Paul, R. Chatterjee, J. A. Tuszynski, and O. G. Fritz, Theory of Long-Range Coherence in Biological Systems. I. The Anomalous Behaviour of Human Erythrocytes, /. Theor. Biol. 104, 169-185 (1983). 

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