Long-chain branching solution polymerization

SOLUTION OF KINETIC EQUATIONS FOR LONG CHAIN BRANCHING IN BULK VINYL ACETATE POLYMERIZATION ... 

Wang, W.-J. Kharchenkob, S. Miglerb, K. Zhu, S. Triple-detector GPC characterization and processing behavior of long-chain-branched polyethylene prepared by solution polymerization with constrained geometry catalyst. Polymer 2004, 45 (19), 6495-6505. 

Wang, W.-J. Yan, D. Zhu, S. Hamielec, A.E. Kinetics of long chain branching in continuous solution polymerization of ethylene using constrained geometry metallocene. Macromolecules 1998, 31 (25), 8677-8683. 

Some styrene-butadiene rubber is manufactured by solution processes using alkyllithium catalysts. Production techniques resemble those used for the polymerization of isoprene (Section 18.3.3) and butadiene (Section 18.4.3). Solution styrene-butadiene rubbers have microstructures similar to those of the emulsion copolymers but show narrower molecular weight distribution, less long chain branching and lower non-rubber content. The two types of materials have very similar bulk properties. 

Features - polymerization takes place in "solution" - tube is 1000-2000 m long and internal diameter of 25-50 mm (0.1-0.2 in) - organic peroxides typically used as initiators - polymer chain-length usually longer than product from autoclave process, but with relatively short branches... 

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