Liquid-solid media transfer procedures

In the procedures below, methodology is described to facilitate medium scale (ca. 100 g) synthesis of a main-chain thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer containing ethylene glycol units as a flexible spacer between the rigid aromatic units. Two methods are described melt polymerization, and polymerization in a heat-transfer solvent with an inorganic medium (Claytone). For melt polymerization, the material is obtained as an extremely rigid solid, while in the... 

Well known examples are oxidations with Mn04 where the latter is transferred into an apolar organic medium such as benzene, purple benzene , by complexed macrocyclic polyethers or quaternary cations, both in liquid-liquid and solid-liquid phase-transfer systems This procedure eliminates the self-catalyzed decomposition of Mn04 which occurs with evolution of O2. Olefins, alcohols, alkylated arenes, etc. are thus oxidized to carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, or glycols. 

Several techniques have been proposed during the last two decades for the direct introduction of solids into atomizers, thus avoiding the need to dissolve or decompose the sitmple. These techniques include (1) direct manual insertion of the solid into the atomization device, (2) electrothermal vaporization of the sample and transfer of the vapor into the atomization region, (3) arc, spark, or laser ablation of the solid to produce a vapor that is then swept into the atomizer, (4) slurry nebulizalion in which the finely divided solid sample is carried into the atomizer as an aerosol consisting of a suspension of the solid in a liquid medium, and (5) sputtering in a glow discharge device. None of these procedures yields results as satisfactory as those... 

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