Liquid range of solvents

Liquid range of solvent The solvent should be in the liquid state near the operating conditions. To ensure this following limits on boiling point and melting point are placed. 

Ionic liquids possess a variety of properties that make them desirable as solvents for investigation of electrochemical processes. They often have wide electrochemical potential windows, they have reasonably good electrical conductivity and solvent transport properties, they have wide liquid ranges, and they are able to solvate a wide variety of inorganic, organic, and organometallic species. The liquid ranges of ionic liquids have been discussed in Section 3.1 and their solubility and solvation in... 

From a practical viewpoint, Ej values are quickly and easily obtained, giving a very useful and convenient scale. However, a general polarity scale based on a single probe molecule has its limitations because a single compound cannot experience the diversity of interactions that the whole range of solvents can offer. The Kamlet-Taft parameters a, /3 and n tackle this problem by using a series of seven dyes to produce a scale for specific and nonspecific polarity of liquids [23], Whilst it undoubtedly gives a more detailed description of the solvents properties,... 

Semisolid samples. As with liquid samples, methods (B) and (C) are the best choices for this type of sample. The specific choice will depend on fhe rheological properties (viscosity, density, air retention) of the particular preparation. These samples are best measured in the transflectance mode. Liquid and semisolid samples may contain a mixture of solvents of disparate volatility which may evaporate separately during the measurement process. Differences in solvent volatility can alter the sample matrix and lead to errors in the determination which are best avoided by using a set of calibration samples spanning an expanded range of solvent proportions. ... 

The reactions that have been observed so far in ionic liquids represent the tip of the iceberg. In the future, research will involve efforts to optimize such phenomena as the relative solubilities of the reactants and products, the reaction kinetics, the liquid range of the solvent, the cost of the solvent, the intrinsic catalytic behavior of the... 

Relative Permittivities (Dielectric Constants) D and Normal Liquid Ranges of Common Solvents... 

Since q ranges from 0 to n, the possible variation of B from this cause is 2.5n(VA — VB). To estimate the magnitude of the effect, let us take n = 4, and VA — VB = 0.040 1. This gives a variation of 0.40 in B. Typical values of B for simple electrolytes in aqueous solution run from about —0.1 to +0.2, so this expected variation should be easily detectable. It is clear that for a solute such as LiCl in mixtures of water with a less polar liquid, n is by no means constant over the whole range of solvent compositions, and it is effectively larger in pure water because... 

The kind of nmr spectroscopy we shall discuss here is limited in its applications because it can be carried out only with liquids or solutions. Fortunately, the allowable range of solvents is large, from hydrocarbons to concentrated sulfuric acid, and for most compounds it is possible to find a suitable solvent. 

---