Liquid Propulsion in FIA

As a consequence, oscillations in the flow rate and a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio can appear. Other limitation is the requirement of a very precise manometer to reproduce the same pressure along different days. 

In reality, peristaltic pumps provide a pulsating flow, and often they are responsible for the high noise when low concentrations of analyte are analyzed amperometrically [24], The use of a pneumatic damper can minimize the pulsation in FIA [27], 

Other alternative is the use of micropumps as proposed by Lapa et al. [23]. In this study, authors describe a strategy exploiting solenoid micropumps for each individual solution insertion (sample and carrier), controlling not only its volume but also the timing, sequence of introduction and transportation toward detector. This strategy was evaluated by using a flow network designed with two pumps. 

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