Liquid film breakup mode

From a liquid film such as a water film, the diameter of a drop formed under the action of gravity is calculated to be 9 mm with the above equation. Similarly to the liquid dripping mode, the liquid film breakup mode governed by the dripping mechanism is also typified by large droplets and low liquid flow rates. 

Figure 3.8. Liquid sheet/film breakup modes Successive stages in the idealized breakup of (a) a sheet with a thick rim, (b) a wavy sheet, and (c) a perforated sheet.

Droplet Formation in Gas Atomization. Experimental and modeling studiesl160 161 169] 318] 319] 321]- 325] have shown that gas atomization of liquid metals in spray forming and powder metallurgy processes may take place in two primary modes, i.e., liquid jet-ligament breakup and liquid film-sheet breakup. 

Figure 3.12. Schematic showing Liquid Jet-Ligament Breakup mode (left) and Liquid Film Sheet Breakup mode (right) in two-fluid atomization of melts.

Al-Roub et all421 identified three basic modes of liquid breakup during droplet impingement onto a liquid film (1) rim breakup, (2) cluster breakup, and (3) column breakup. The rim breakup mode involves the breakup and ejection of one or a few small droplets at the outer edge of the film, while the cluster breakup mode involves the breakup of liquid into clusters of many small droplets at the outer edge of the film. In the column breakup mode, liquid breaks up into one or a few droplets from a column of liquid at the center of the spreading droplet as a result of the surface waves reflecting back to their source. The diameter and number of the... 

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