Polysaccharide-Lipid

Sample preparation used to extract proteins from cells prior to analysis is an important step that can have an effect on the accuracy and reproducibility of the results. Proteins isolated from bacterial cells will have co-extracted contaminants such as lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. In addition various organic salts, buffers, detergents, surfactants, and preservatives may have been added to aid in protein extraction or to retain enzymatic or biological activity of the proteins. The presence of these extraneous materials can significantly impede or affect the reproducibility of analysis if they are not removed prior to analysis. 

The materials used in these type of films include lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Starch (Maizura and others 2007), methylcellulose (Olivas and others 2003), hydroxypropyl cellulose (Brindle and Krochta 2008), chitosan (No and others 2007), xanthan gum (Mei and others 2002), alginate or zein (Zapata and others 2008), and soy protein (Park and others 2001) have been used for edible coatings. 

Naturally occurring compounds in sediments (lipids, polysaccharides, lignins, etc.) have also been determined by this method. The compounds generated from non-polluted sediments are completely different and easily discriminated from anthropogenic contributions. 

In order to avoid misleading spots on the 2-DE profile and to remove salts, lipids, polysaccharides, or nucleic acids interfering with separation, samples should be solubilized. Solubilization procedure involves disruption of all noncovalently bond protein complexes into a solution of polypeptides. It is the most critical step of 2-DE. 

In cases where a block of sugar irnits is transferred it is usually inserted at the nonreducing end of the polymer, which may be covalently attached to a protein. Notice that the insertion mode of chain growth exists for lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. 

The venom gland is found at the base of the forcipules. Venom passes through the ducts of the forcipules and is injected into the bite site. The components of centipede venom have not been completely identified. Known components include 5-hy-droxytryptamine, histamine, lipids, polysaccharides, and enzymes including proteinases and esterases. Toxin S, which is a cardiotoxic protein, has been isolated from the species Scolopendra subspinipes. Cytolysin is found in the North American giant centipede, Scolopendra heros. 

M.T. Arts, H. Rai (1997). Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on the production of lipid, polysaccharide, and protein in three freshwater algal species. Freshwater. Biol, 38, 597-610. 

Adsorption properties of biomolecules (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides), and a range of techniques for studying such properties, are discussed in... 

Gel structures act as a matrix in holding moisture, lipids, polysaccharides and other ingredients—cheese, yogurt, imitation meats... 

Polymers are the most commonly employed matrix formers however other materials like pro-teins, lipids " " polysaccharides such as chitosan - and alginates, and have been also studied, although at a lower frequency. 

DG Dalgleish, AL Hollocou. In E Dickinson, B Bergen-stahl, eds. Food Colloids — Proteins, Lipids, Polysaccharides. Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry, 1997, pp 69—76. 

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