Liouville-Bloch equation

This Liouville-space equation of motion is exactly the time-domain Bloch equations approach used in equation (B2.4.13). The magnetizations are arrayed in a vector, and anything that happens to them is represented by a matrix. In frequency units (1i/2ti = 1), the fomial solution to equation (B2.4.26) is given by equation (B2.4.27) (compare equation (B2.4.14H. 

The Bloch equation approach (equation (B2.4.6)) calculates the spectrum directly, as the portion of the spectrum that is linear in a observing field. Binsch generalized this for a frilly coupled system, using an exact density-matrix approach in Liouville space. His expression for the spectrum is given by equation (B2.4.42). Note that this is fomially the Fourier transfomi of equation (B2.4.32). so the time domain and frequency domain are coimected as usual. 

In the DC-biased structures considered here, the dynamics are dominated by electronic states in the conduction band [1]. A simplified version of the theory assumes that the excitation occurs only at zone center. This reduces the problem to an n-level system (where n is approximately equal to the number of wells in the structure), which can be solved using conventional first-order perturbation theory and wave-packet methods. A more advanced version of the theory includes all of the hole states and electron states subsumed by the bandwidth of the excitation laser, as well as the perpendicular k states. In this case, a density-matrix picture must be used, which requires a solution of the time-dependent Liouville equation. Substituting the Hamiltonian into the Liouville equation leads to a modified version of the optical Bloch equations [13,15]. These equations can be solved readily, if the k states are not coupled (i.e., in the absence of Coulomb interactions). 

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