Link margin

The design for a constellation of satellites to serve communications needs, includes choices for the number of satellites, their orbital parameters, the satellite G/T and EIRP, etc. These mission analysis and design topics involve trades of many factors such as total communications capacity, link margins, space segment and Earth segment costs, reliability, interconnectivity, availability and cost of launch vehicles, mission lifetime, and system operations (Wertz and Larson, 1991). 

The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program developed a computer code called SMACS (Seismic Methodology Analysis Chain with Statistics) for calculating the seismic responses of structures, systems, and components. This code links the seismic input as ensembles of acceleration time histories with the calculations of the soil-structure interactions, the responses of major structures, and the responses of subsystems. Since uses a multi-support approach to perform the time-history response calculations for piping subsystems, the correlations between component responses can be handled explicitly. SMACS is an example of the codes that are available for calculating seismic response for PSA purposes. 

A minimalist extraction buffer is often recommended for protein purification [25], since most additives provide only a marginal improvement in yields, but will increase costs significantly. The removal of phenolics, for example by tangential-flow ultrafil-tration/diafiltration [25], is an important step that should be carried out as early as possible in the purification procedure, since these molecules can become covalently linked to amino acid side chains and can oxidize certain residual groups [123]. 

The 1-methylindole derivative (14) (see Table 7.1), which was marginally more potent than (13) in vitro, showed good oral activity in the BJ test in the rat (ED50 0.11 mg/kg). However, it potentiated the pentobarbitone sleeping time in the mouse, suggesting it had the capacity to bind to and inhibit the hepatic cytochrome P-450-linked oxidase enzyme system. Optical... 

The principal cytoskeletal proteins in non-muscle cells are actin, tubulin, and the components of intermediate filaments. Actin can exist either as monomers ( G-actin ) or polymerized into 70 A diameter double filament ( F-actin ). Polymerized actin usually is localized at the margins of the cells, linked by other proteins to the cell membrane. In contrast, tubulin forms hollow filaments, approximately 250 A in diameter, that are distributed within a cell in association, generally, with cell organelles. Stabilized microtubule structures are found in the flagella and cilia of eucaryotic cells however, in other instances - examples being the mitotic apparatus and the cytoskeletal elements arising in directed cell locomotion - the microtubules are temporal entities. Intermediate filaments, which are composed of keratin-like proteins, are approximately 100 A thick and form stable structural elements that impart rigidity, for example, to nerve axons and epithelial cells. 

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