Lines potential curves

Solid lines = potential curves with the minimum and maximum potential well depth... 

Figure 7.36 Predissociation for a pair of states intermediate between adiabatic and diabatic coupling limits. [From Child (1980b).] (a) Diabatic (solid line) and adiabatic (dashed line) potential curves and the corresponding vibrational levels, (b) Term values plotted versus J( J + 1) diabatic (solid line), adiabatic (dashed line), and actual term values (dotted-and-dashed line).

Figure 12.1 Scheme of diabatic (dashed line) and adiabatic (solid line) potential curves along the reaction coordinate s. 

Figure B3.4.12. A schematic ID vibrational pre-dissociation potential curve (wide flill line) with a superimposed plot of the two bound fimctions and the resonance fimction. Note that the resonance wavefiinction is associated with a complex wavevector and is slowly increasing at very large values of R. In practice this increase is avoided by iismg absorbing potentials, complex scaling, or stabilization.

Figure 4. Spin-orbit splitting in AT — 1 and 2 vibronic levels of the state of NCN. Solid lines connect the results of calculations thar employ ab initio computed potential curves [28], For comparison the results obtained by employing experimentally derived potential curves (dashed lines) [30,31] are also given. Full points represent energy differences between P — K — and P — K spin levels, and crosses are differences between P — K + I and P — K levels.

Figure 6. Bending potential curves for the X Ai, A B electronic system of BH2 [33,34], Full hotizontal lines K —Q vibronic levels dashed lines /f — I levels dash-dotted lines K — 2 levels dotted lines K — 3 levels. Vibronic levels of the lower electronic state are assigned in benf notation, those of the upper state in linear notation (see text). Zero on the energy scale corresponds to the energy of the lowest vibronic level.

In this type of corrosion, metal ions arising as a result of the process in Eq. (2-21) migrate into the medium. Solid corrosion products formed in subsequent reactions have little effect on the corrosion rate. The anodic partial current-density-potential curve is a constant straight line (see Fig. 2.4). 

FIGURE 1-7 Current-potential curve for the system O + ne - " R, assuming that electron-transfer is rate limiting, C0 = CR, and a = 0.5. Hie dotted lines show the cathodic ((.) and anodic ( ) components. 

Figure 3. Current vs. potential curve for iron dissolution in phosphoric acid solution at pH 1,85. Ep, Flade potential Ep, passivation potential Epii- critical pitting potential EiP, transpassivation potential. Solid and broken lines correspond to the cases without and with CF ions, respectively.

Figure 17. PMC behavior in the accumulation region, (a) PMC potential curve and photocurrent-potential curve (dashed line) for silicon (dotted with Pt particles) in contact with propylene carbonate electrolyte containing ferrocene.21 (b) PMC potential curve and photocurrent-potential curve (dashed line) for a sputtered ZnO layer [resistivity 1,5 x 103 ft cm, on conducting glass (ITO)] in contact with an alkaline electrolyte (NaOH, pH = 12), measured against a saturated calomel electrode.22...

Fig. 2.—Potential curve for H + H+ or H+ + H (dashed line) and for H-H+ (lower full line). The upper full line corresponds to the nuclear-antisymmetric repulsive state.

Fig. 3.—Potential curves for BjH . The two dashed lines are potential curves for the structures B2H + H and B Hi + H+, the lower full line that for the normal BjH molecule and the upper one that for an excited state of the molecule.

Figure 6. Potential curves for ethylene cation radical (full line) and ethylene anion radical (dashed line) calculated (68) by the method of Longuet-Higgins and Pople within the standard CNDO/2 approximation. The scale on the left-hand side concerns the total energy of the cation radical the scale on the right-hand side concerns the total energy of the anion radical.

Explicit forms for the potential energy in the terms Hi and Hf have been proposed by Saveant [1993], who has developed a semiclassical version, along the lines of the Marcus theory, and applied it successfully to several reactions. In his model, the potential curve for the reactants is a Morse curve, and that for the products is the repulsive branch of a Morse curve ... 

Fig. 1. Schematic potential energy curves for a neutral transition metal atom (M) inserting into the H-R bond of a hydrocarbon. Diabatic curves are shown as dashed lines, adiabatic curve shown as a solid line.

Fig. 28. Schematic of potential energy surfaces of the vinoxy radical system. All energies are in eV, include zero-point energy, and are relative to CH2CHO (X2A//). Calculated energies are compared with experimentally-determined values in parentheses. Transition states 1—5 are labelled, along with the rate constant definitions from RRKM calculations. The solid potential curves to the left of vinoxy retain Cs symmetry. The avoided crossing (dotted lines) which forms TS5 arises when Cs symmetry is broken by out-of-plane motion. (From Osborn et al.67)...

Exchange reactions between bulk and adsorbed substances can be studied by on-line mass spectroscopy and isotope labeling. In this section the results on the interaction of methanol and carbon monoxide in solution with adsorbed methanol and carbon monoxide on platinum are reported [72], A flow cell for on-line MS measurements (Fig. 1.2) was used. 13C-labeled methanol was absorbed until the Pt surface became saturated. After solution exchange with base electrolyte a potential scan was applied. Parallel to the current-potential curve the mass intensity-potential for 13C02 was monitored. Both curves are given in Fig. 3.1a,b. A second scan was always taken to check the absence of bulk substances. 

The method permits the simultaneous determination of reaction order, m, and reaction rate constant, k, from the slope and the intercept of the straight line. The procedure can be repeated for various potential values below the limiting current plateau to yield k as a function of electrode potential. The exchange current density and the Tafel slope of the electrode reaction can be then evaluated from the k vs. potential curves. 

Figure 2.7 (a) Experimental (full line) and ideally parabolic (dashed line) electrocapillary curves and the corresponding (b) charge vs. potential, and (c) capacity vs. potential curves. 

Fig. 1. Current-potential curves for a generalized electroless deposition reaction. The dashed line indicates the curve for the complete electroless solution. The partial anodic and cathodic currents are represented by ia and ic, respectively. Adapted from ref. 28. 

Fig. 2. Current-potential curves in Evans diagram [29] format for reduction of Cu2+ ions and oxidation of H2CO. and are the equilibrium, or open circuit, potentials for the Cu2+ reduction and H2CO oxidation reactions, respectively. Assuming negligible interfering reactions, the vertical dashed lines indicate the exchange current densities for the two half reactions, and the deposition current for the complete electroless solution. Adapted from ref. 23.

Fig. 3. Current-potential curves for anodic oxidation of H2CO on different metals. Dotted lines current attributable to the anodic dissolution of Cu and Co electrodes. Solution composition 0.1 mol dm-3, 0.175 mol dm 3 EDTA, pH = 12.5, T — 298 °K. Adapted from ref. 38.

Figure 3.27 Singlet (solid line) and (if lower) triplet (dotted line) potential-energy curves for first-row homonuclear diatomics B (circles), C (squares), N (triangles),...

The steric repulsions between off-axis lone pairs at Req are stronger in F2 than in Cl2, and the difference increases rapidly at smaller R. This is shown in the plot below, which compares the full potential curves (solid lines) with the pairwise sum of steric repulsions between off-axis lone pairs (dashed lines) for F2 (circles) and Cl2 (squares), both shifted to a common origin at Req (1.4083 and 2.0528 A, respectively) ... 

FIGURE 8. MM2-85 calculated lp—N—C—H rotational potential curve (C in the tricyclic ring system) for 68, with a pseudoequatorial piperazine ring. The conformations A (dashed line) and B (solid line) are defined in Scheme 6. Reproduced with permission from Reference 108... 

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