Limits of Surface Modification

A wide variety of different ligands have been bonded on silica surface [18] and used as HPLC packing materials. The most traditional and widely used are shown in Table 3-1. 

In the literature the bonding density is often expressed in either number of moles (or micromoles) per square meter (pmole/m ) or in number of molecules (bonded ligands) per square nanometer. The relationship between these two units is the simple ratio 

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Table 1 Advantages and limitations of surface modification treatments for titanium alioys...

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