Lignin angiospermous

Ralph, J. Kim, H. Lu, F. Grabber, J. H. Boerjan, W. Leple, J.-C. Berrio Sierra, J. Mir Derikvand, M. Jouanin, L. Lapierre, C. Identification of the structure and origin of a thioacidolysis marker compound for ferulic acid incorporation into angiosperm lignins (and an indicator for cinnamoyl-CoA reductase deficiency). Plant J. 2008, 53, 368-379. 

In gymnosperms, the primary lignin precursors are the two monolignols coniferyl and /7-coumaryl alcohols, while in angiosperms sinapyl alcohol is also a participant in... 

The PAL activity that is necessary for lignin formation occurs in the cytoplasm or bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The cinnamic acid produced is probably carried on the lipid surface of the membranes, since it is lipophilic, and it is sequentially hydroxylated by the membrane-bound hydroxylases (47,50). In this way there is the possibility of at least a two-step channeling route from phenylalanine to p-coumaric acid. The transmethylases then direct the methyl groups to the meta positions. There is a difference between the transmethylases from angiosperms and those from gymnosperms, since with the latter... 

Tollier M-T, Monties B, Lapierre C, Herve du Penhoat C, Rolando C (1986) Inhomogeneity of angiosperm lignin Comparison of the monomeric composition of lignin fractions isolated from different wood species Holzforschung Suppl 40 75-79 Wallis AFA (1973) Oxidation of (E) and (Z)-2 6-dimethoxy-4-propenylphenol with ferric chloride - a facile route to the 2-aryl ethers of 1-arylpropane 1,2 diols Aust J Chem 26 585-594... 

Yamauchi, K., Yasuda, S., Hamada, K., Tsutsumi, Y. and Fukushima, K. (2003) Multiform biosynthetic pathway of syringyl lignin in angiosperms. Planta, 216, 496-501. 

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