Lignin acrylamide grafting

Poly(lignin-g-(l-amidoethylene)) lignin-acrylamide graft copolymer... 

Acrylamide graft copolymers such as those with starch (qv)(131), dextran (132), and lignin (qv) (133), have been studied to try to reduce copolymer costs. A general disadvantage of acrylamide copolymers is greater cost compared to partially hydroly2ed polyacrylamides. 

Meister, J.J. (1991) Soluble or Crosslinked Graft Copolymers of Lignin, Acrylamide and Hydroxymethacrylate, U.S. Patent 5,037,931... 

Lignin has been grafted with ethenylbenzene [43,44] (styrene), 4-methyl-2-oxy-3-oxopent-4-ene [45,46] (methylmethacrylate), 2-propenamide (acrylamide), 2-propene nitrile [47] (acrylonitrile), cationic monomers, anionic monomers, and propenoic acid ethoxylates. An index of compounds listing structure, product name, and trivial name is given in Table 3. Two types of... 

Figure 6.14 Proposed mechanism of laccase/hydroperoxide polymerization grafting of acrylamide onto lignin [72],...

Mai, C., Milstein, 0., and Huttermann, A 1999. Fungal laccase grafts acrylamide onto lignin in presence of peroxides. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 51 527-531. 

Mai C, Milstein O, Hiittermann A (2000) Chemoenzymatical grafting of acrylamide onto lignin. J Biotechnol 79 173-183... 

Ce(IV) sulfate is widely used as a catalyst for various reactions, for instance grafting acrylamide on alkali lignin (Meister et al., 1984) and the Belousov-Zhabotinskii oscillating reaction (Winfree, 1984). It can be also used as a strong oxidant for several classes of organic compounds (Rao et al., 1983). 

---