Ligands coupling reactions, polymers containing

FIGURE 3.15 Coupling reactions for ligands immobilization on polymers containing aldehyde groups. 

FIGURE 6.16 Coupling reactions for ligand immobilization on polymers containing hydroxyl groups. 

Carboxylated silica particles may be coupled with amine-containing ligands, such as proteins, using a carbodiimide reaction with EDC. A similar protocol to that previously described for coupling to carboxylate polymer particles may be used. The following protocol is based on the method of Zhao et al. (2004), which was used for immobilizing monoclonal antibodies to E. coli 0157. 

The Heck coupling reaction has been shown to be effective in preparing polymers 37 containing rhenium-complexed diimine ligands bridged by phenylene vinylene groups [74]. Photovoltaic devices prepared using this material showed rather low efficiencies. 

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