Lift/drag

The next step is to estimate the lift/drag ratio... 

Dandy DS, Dwyer HA (1990) A sphere in shear flow at finite Reynolds number Effect of shear on particle lift, drag, and heat transfer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 216 381-410... 

Dodge, R.A., Smith, H.J., Sonnemann, G. 1951). A study and development of paravanes of the high lift-drag ratio type and the high-lift type. Engineering Research Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI. 

The solution of these equations, and the resulting effect on microrotorcraft lift, drag, and endurance, is discussed in the Key Research Findings section. 

Wind turbine blades are subject to static and dynamic lift, drag and inertial loads over a wide range of temperatures and other severe environmental conditions during a typical 20-year service life. 

Dandy, D.S. and Dwyer, H.A. (1990). A Sphere in Shear How at Finite Reynolds Number Effect of Shear on Particle Lift, Drag and Heat Transfer. J. Huid Mech., Vol. 216, pp. 381-410. 

Corporations that make airplanes and cars have figured out how to do this by the strategic use of information technology. They can model fluid flow, heat transfer, and vibration, and then take this and develop lift, drag, weight, and performance characteristics. They can test airplanes before they build them. They can manufacture, assemble, and do inventory control with a high level of information resources. 

---