Liebhafsky

H. A. Liebhafsky and E. J. Cairns, Fuel Cells and Fuel Batteries, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1968, p. 18. 

Liebhafsky, H.A. (1974) William David Coolidge A Centenarian and his Work (Wiley-Interscience, New York). 

Fig. 1-10. Log-log plot showing mass absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength for three common metals. Note that the discontinuities locate the absorption edges, (K) and (L). (Liebhafsky, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 53, 997.)...

Fig. 3-1. Block diagram of General Electric X-ray Thickness Gage for steel strip (manually controlled). A similar gage is now part of a fully automated system that controls the rolling of steel strip.6 (Liebhafsky, Anal. Chem., 21, 17.)... 

Fig. 3-2 (Continued). Simple laboratory x-ray photometer. Schematic diagram. (Liebhafsky, Smith, Tanis, and Winslow, AnaL Chem.t 19, 861.)...

Fig. 3-3. Attenuation and filtering of polychromatic x-rays by aluminum. Variation of effective wavelength with thickness. The effective wavelengths shown in tin figure correspond to the measured mass absorption coefficients. The change ir effective wavelength accounts for the deviations from the (dashed) straight lines The x-ray intensities used gave 210 /xamp through 0.0127-cm aluminum (curve A) 3200 /xamp through 0.381-cm aluminum (curve B). (Liebhafsky, Smith, Tanis, anc Winslow, Anal. Chem., 19, 861.)...

Fig. 3-7. Stand for comparative absorptiometry. Comparison is accomplished by manual commutation between standard and unknown. (Zemany, Winslow, Poellmitz, and Liebhafsky, Anal. Chem., 21, 493.)...

A. H. Bushev, General Electric Co., Richland, Wash., letter to H. A. Liebhafsky, July 25, 1952. 

Fig. 5—6. Geiger-counter output currents recorded by Dow automatic x-ray absorption spectrometer. Superposed records on left are x-ray absorptiometric curves for iso-octane and a solution containing ethylene dibromide, whereas traces at right illustrate recording of transmitted intensities at fixed wavelengths. Apparent change in x-ray absorption of solvent in going through bromine absorption edge is result of marked slope of white radiation distribution curve at 0.9 A. 16 (Liebhafsky, Anal. Chem., 21, 17. Courtesy of Dow Chemical Company.)...

Later work oft the absorption-edge method was restricted to one measurement on each side of an edge. At Oak Ridge, Barringer and 18 H. A. Liebhafsky, Anal. Chem., 22, 15 (1950). 

Fig. 6-2. Experimental results, observed arid corrected for background, to test Method III in the case of iron on silver or zirconium. The ordinate is logarithmic. The tungsten-target x-ray tube was operated at 50 kv and 50 ma. (Zemanv and Liebhafsky, J. Electrochem. Soc., 103, 157.)...

Fig. 6-4. Calculated curves showing relationship between intensity ratio and thickness for various values of exponent a. The abscissa scale is logarithmic. Circles = plated coatings squares = evaporated coatings. (Liebhafsky and Zemany, Anal. Chem., 28, 455.)...

Fig. 7—8. Calibration curve for the determination of tungsten in solution with bromide as an internal standard, for two different counter tubes. Squares = krypton counted total count, 10(16,384) circles = argon counter total count, 5(16,384). (Fagel, Liebhafsky, and Zemany, Anal. Chem., 30, 1918.)...

Fig. 10-3. Experimental proof that x-ray emission speetrography and radioactivity both conform to the unique Gaussian fluctuation curve based on N alone. Crosses = data of Rutherford and Geiger circles = x-ray emission data solid line = theoretical Gaussian curve. (Liebhafsky, Pfeiffer, and Zemany, Anal. Chem., 27, 1257.)...

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