Leffler

The shorthand notation in the rhs of equation (A3.6.5) is frequently referred to as the Leffler-Gnmwald operator [7]. 

Leffler J E and Grunwald E 1963 Rates and Equilibria in Organic Reactions (New York Wiley)... 

J. J. Brennan and U. Leffler, Proceedings Canadian Food Technologists Conference, Montreal, May 1964. 

For multiconmonent nonpolar liquid systems, Leffler and Ciil-linan developea a mixing rule, Eq. (2-157). 

An alternate method for binary concentrated liquid systems where activity coefficients are not available or estimable is the method of Leffler and Cullinan previously given in Eq. (2-156). Absolute errors average 25 percent. 

We consider the effect of the structural change on the free energy of the transition state. Leffler - postulated that changes in G can be represented as a linear combination of changes in the free energies of reactants and products,... 

Though LFERs are not a necessary consequence of thermodynamics, their occurrence suggests the presence of a real connection between the correlated quantities, and the nature of this connection can be explored. This treatment follows Leffler and Grunwald. - PP Standard free energy changes AG° will pertain to either... 

Consider a bimolecular reaction between a substrate and a reagent. Upon each encounter of these two species there is a probability P that reaction will occur. If the solution contains two substrates Sj and S2, each characterized by a probability of reaction P, and P2 with the common reagent, evidently the ratio P2lP is a measure of the selectivity of this process for S2 relative to S,. If the two substrates are not markedly dissimilar, the ratio P2IP1 will be similar to the ratio of rate constants, 2/ 1- Leffler and Grunwald pp define the selectivity as... 

Leffler, J.E. Gnjnwald, E. Rales and Equilibria of Organic Reactions Wiley New York. 1963 p22. 

The observed solvent effect can be expressed quantitatively with the aid of the Leffler-Grunwald operator 5m introduced in Chapter 7. For rate constant k measured in medium M we have, from transition state theory, k = (kT//i)exp ( —AGm// T) and similarly for rate constant ko measured in a reference solvent. Combining these two expressions gives... 

J. E. Leffler and E. Grunwald Rates and Equilibria of Organic Reactions, Chapter 9. Wiley, New York, 1963. 

In a series of reactions for which an acceUrative decrease in the activation energy is accompanied by a decelerative decrease in the entropy of activation (Compensation Law ), or the two increase together, there wiU be an isokinetic temperature (between 0-200° C for three-fourths of the 79 reactions tabulated by Leffler ). The rate vs. temperature curves for all the reactions in the series pass through this single point. Comparisons are affected since the isokinetic temperature is a point of inversion of relative reactivity in the series. 

Leffler CW, Parfenova H, Jaggar JH et al (2006) Carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide gaseous messengers in cerebrovascular circulation. J Appl Physiol 100 1065-1076... 

Leffler, J.E. An Introduction to Free Radicals-, John Wiley Sons New York, 1993. 

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