Lattice distortion, polypyrrole

FIGURE 5.22. The BF4 -doped polypyrrole lattice and the distortion of the lattice during the migration of a dopant ion between two vacant sites. The sequence shows the environment of the dopant ion (a) in its perfect lattice site, (b) when the migrant BF4 is at its initial (or final) site in the defective lattice and (c) when the BF4 is at the summit of the highest energy barrier in Fig. 5.19(a). (Adapted from Ref 132 by permission of the publishers.)... 

---