Lanthanides spectroscopy, lifetime

Table V. Lifetimes of some lanthanide levels measured by laser spectroscopy techniques.

Walsh BM (2006) Judd-Ofelt theory principles and practices. In Di Bartolo B, Forte O (eds) Advances in spectroscopy for lasers and sensing. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 403-433 Aebischer A, Gumy F, Biinzli JCG (2009) Intrinsic quantum yields and radiative lifetimes of lanthanide tris(dipicolinates). Chem Phys Phys Chem 11 1346-1353 Camall WT (1979) The absorption and fluorescence spectra of rare earth ions in solution. In Gschneidner KA Jr, Eyring L (eds) Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths, vol 3. Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, Ch. 24... 

The UV-Vis spectroscopy of lanthanide and actinide elements directly reflects the electronic structure of the species involved. In oxidation states (III) and (IV), the ground-state electronic configuration is/", thus the low-lying spectrum is dominated by/-/ transitions that are strictly parity forbidden, and can also be spin-forbidden although spin-orbit coupling attenuates the selection rules. Nevertheless, both restrictions have important consequences, namely that these /-/ bands have very low absorption intensities, and the radiative lifetimes of/-/ states are often rather large (10 s) and sensitive to the environment. This is routinely used in Time-Resolved-Laser-Fluoresence-Spectroscopy (TRLFS) of Eu(III) and Cm(lII) at approximately 17000 [49-51]. Metal-centered/-rf transitions occur... 

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