Lang-Kohn theory

N.D. Lang and W. Kohn. Theory of Metal Surfaces Charge Density and Surface Energy. Phys. Rev. B 1 4555 (1970). 

Lang, N. D., and Kohn, W. (1970). Theory of metal surfaces charge density and surface energy. Phys. Rev. B 1, 4555-4568. 

Theoretical values of surface energy, obtained by Lang and Kohn (1970), as a function of r, where r, is related to the electron density by W = (4nr /3y. The key is shown at the left. Calculations based on psetidopotential theory were made for bcc and fee structures, with results given as top and bottom, respectively, of a vertical line at the electron density for each metal. For Na, K, Rb, and Cs, the lines would almost be contained within the experimental points and were not drawn. 

Theory of metal surfaces work function N. D. Lang and W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. B 3, 1215 (1970). Coupled partial ion-transfer steps in the anodic dissolution of metals. D. Vanmaekelbergh and B. H. Erne, J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 2488 (1999). 

Theory of the Inhomogeneous Electron Gas edited by S. Lundqvist and N. H. March Chapter 5 by N. D. Lang is a good one-stop shop for most of the early material stemming from the work of Lang and Kohn. 

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