Landscape processes, soil development

On a larger scale, landscape development reflects those mechanisms that expose bedrock, weather it, and transport the weathering products away. Present and past tectonism, geology, climate, soils, and vegetation are all important to landscape evolution. These factors often operate in tandem to produce characteristic landforms that presumably integrate the effects of both episodic and continuous processes over considerable periods of time. 

Fitzpatrick, R.W., Fritsch, E. and Self, P.G. (1996) Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes V. Development of saline sulfidic features in non-tidal seepage areas. Geoderma, 69(1-2), 1-29. 

Tardy, Y. Roquin, C. (1992) Geochemistry and evolution of lateritic landscapes. In Martini, I.P. and Chesworth, W. (Eds) Weathering, Soils andPalaeosols. Developments in Earth Surface Processes 2. Amsterdam Elsevier, pp. 407-443. 

Bioturbation by trees, the process of tree throw of soil from toppling and the process of root growth and decay, is a factor in geologic landscape evolution (Johnson, 1990 Gabet et ah, 2003). Although floralturbulation, as it is called, is an emerging field of study, important to environmental chemodynamics, it is not fully developed and not considered further at this time. 

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