Laminar Newtonian jets

To overcome the discrepancies between the predictions of Weber s correlations and subsequent experiments, Mahoney and Sterling 248] modified Weber s theory, and derived a universal equation for the breakup length of laminar Newtonian jets ... 

Georgiou, G. C., T. C. Papanastasiou, and J. O. Wilkes, Laminar Newtonian jets at high Reynolds number and high surface tension, AIChE J. 34 1559-1562 (1988). 

Abott W, "Analysis of the Instability of Laminar Newtonian Liquid Jets In Air", Ph.D, Dissertation The Louisiana State Agricultural and Mechanical Louisiana State Unlv., Baton Rouge New Orleans LA 1982. 

Mun, R. P., Byars, J. A., Boger, D. V. (1998). The effects of polymer concentration and molecular weight on the breakup of laminar capillary jets. Journal cf Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 74, 285-297. 

Newtonian fluid is different from the tube diameter because of the rearrangement from a parabolic laminar velocity profile in the tube to a flat profile in the developed jet. The standard result in fluid mechanics texts is that the jet-to-tube diameter ratio, Dj/D, is 0.82. This is a high Reynolds number result, however. It is less well known that there is a transition in the neighborhood of Re = 50 and that the ratio Dj/D for /ow Re is 1.13 that is, the low Reynolds number jet swells upon exiting, as shown in Figure 1.10. 

---