Laccases from Trametes versicolor

Co-immobilization of this redox polymer with a fungal laccase from Trametes versicolor, possessing a Tl copper site reduction potential of +0.57 V vs Ag/AgCl ( +0.77 vs NHE), was achieved using a diepoxide cross-linker, in an approach... 

Table 2. Immobilization of a laccase (from Trametes versicolor) and a peroxidase (from horseradish) on different supports (Gianfreda and Bollag 1994)...

Laccase from Trametes versicolor purchased from Fluka (30 mg, 440 U) 2,2 -azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolme-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, 5.8 mg, 0.01 mmol) ethyl acetate (800 mL)... 

PJ Collins, MJJ Kotterman, JA Field, ADW Dobson. Oxidation of anthracene and benzo[fl]pyrene by laccases from Trametes versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(12) 4563 567, 1996. 

PCL catalyst [44]. The polymerization of 1-naphthol using laccase from Trametes versicolor (TVL) proceeded in an aqueous acetone to give the polymer with molecular weight of several thousands [88]. 

In 1996 it was shown that by using ABTS as a mediator, laccase from Trametes versicolor was able to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of a series of benzylic alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes 46). Subsequently, Galli, and co-workers found that the stable N-oxy radical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl-l-oxy (TEMPO, Fig. 4) in combination with laccase from Trametes villosa, catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of primary benzylic alcohols 47). The selective oxidation of the primary alcohol moiety in carbohydrates had been previously reported in two patents 48,49). 

Laccases function over a wide range of potentials -1-500 mV (versus a normal hydrogen electrode) is characteristic of a iow-potential laccase and -1-800 mV is typical for a high-potential laccase . Laccase from Trametes versicolor belongs to the latter class. 

TABLE 1. Purification of laccase from Trametes versicolor... 

S. (2012) Engineering and production of laccase from Trametes versicolor in the yeast Yarrovvia lipolytica. Bioresour. Technol, 125, 267-274. 

Haghighi, B., L. Gorton, T. Ruzgas, and L. J. Jonsson. 2003. Characterization of graphite electrodes modified with laccase from Trametes versicolor and their use for bio-electrochemical monitoring of phenolic compounds in flow injection analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta 487 3-14. 

Ivnitski D, Atanassov P. Electrochemical studies of intramolecular electron transfer in laccase from Trametes versicolor. Electroanalysis 2007 19 2307-2313. 

What follows is a practical example demonstrating an engineering effort to improve a redox hydrogel-mediated laccase cathode meant to reduce oxygen to water in a BFC [65]. The laccase cathode is produced by combining an osmium redox polymer, laccase from Trametes versicolor, and a diepoxide cross-linker in the proportions 61, 32, and 7% by mass, respectively. After curing in a dry environment, a catalytic film is produced, which will reduce oxygen to water on an electrode surface [73,79]. 

TrohalaM S, Pachter R, Luckarifl HR, Johnson GR. Immobilization of the laccases from Trametes versicolor and Streptomyces coelicolor on single-wall carbon nanotube electrodes a molecular dynamics study. Fuel Cells 2012 12(4) 656-664. 

This method uses enzymes to convert the substrate (monomer, oligomer, or polymer chains) into reactive free radical(s), which undergoes subsequent nonenzymatic reaction with the membrane [79-82]. For example, Nady et al. [83] used laccase from Trametes versicolor to create free radicals and graft phenolic acid monomers (e.g., gallic add or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) to the membrane. 

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