Koino matter

All the particles mentioned have their anti-particles (designated by a bar above the particle symbol), except the photon and the mesons, who are their own antiparticles. We may think about antimatter as consisting of antiprotons and antineutrons in an antinucleus surrounded by antielectrons (i.e. positrons). Superficially, there would be no way to distinguish such antimatter from our matter (sometimes called koino matter). It has been proposed that the universe is made up of matter and antimatter as a requirement of the principle of symmetry. In that case some galaxies, which perhaps can be observed, should be made up of antimatter. When such antimatter galaxies (or material expelled fi-om them) collide with koino matter galaxies, both types of matter are annihilated and tremendous amounts of energy released. 

Elementary particles come in only two kinds quarks and leptons. There are only six quarks and six leptons, see Table 10.2. The leptons are the electron, e, the muon, fi, and the tauon (tau particle), t, and their respective neutrinos. The quarks and leptons are grouped together in three families (or generations) of two quarks and two leptons each. This makes 12 elementary building blocks, or 24 if one counts their anti particles Table 10.2 only refers to our matter (i.e. koino matter). The leptons and quarks all have different properties and names, sometimes also referred to as colors. The physical theory relating these particles to each other is therefore named Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , ]

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