Keratinocyte growth factor function

Fig. 13.5 How IL-1 andTNF-a cause inflammation, (a) IL-1 function. IL-1 induces the secretion of TNF-a to enhance its actions. The major effect of IL-1 is on capillary endothelial cells (see text). IL-1 causes keratinocytes and endothelial cells to proliferate and secrete other interleukins, especially IL-8, which acts like IL-1 on capillary endothelial cells (b) TNF-afunction. TNF-a usually acts as a proinflammatory growth and survival factor (see text). Its induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes greater capillary proliferation and permeability. VEGF contains a cysteine knot domain like von Willebrand factor (Fig. 11.2) [a Based on Fig. 1 in Dinarello CA (2000) Proinflammatory Cytokines. Chest 118(2) 503-508 b Slightly modified Fig. 1 from Jackson JM (2007) TNF-a inhibitors, Dermatologic Therapy, 20 251-261]...

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