Kamiokande experiments

Among electronic neutrino detectors is the great KAMIOKANDE experiment and its extension SUPERKAMIOKANDE. Spread out at the bottom of a mine in Japan, this device has directional sensitivity and it can thus be checked whether captured neutrinos do actually come from the Sun. 

Super-Kamiokande light-water experiment reveals atmospheric neutrino oscillations. 

Five experiments have so far detected solar neutrinos. These are Homestake (USA), GALLEX, SAGE, KAMIOKANDE and SUPERKAMIOKANDE, all set up down mines or tunnels. Detected fluxes agree qualitatively with theoretical predictions, both in numbers and energies. We may say that we have basically understood how the Sun shines. The same set of nuclear reactions invoked to explain the solar luminosity does give rise to neutrinos. 

The two nearly simultaneous neutrino detections, the Kamiokande II and the IMB data are analyzed. The energy range of the IMB experiment is from 20 to 40 MeV, and the experimental dead time is 0.1 sec. The lower limit for detectability of a mass energy is at least 5 eV. The energy range of the Kamiokande II experiment is from 7.5 MeV to 35 MeV, and the dead time is 50 nano-sec, so that the lower limit of the detectable mass is well below 1 eV ... 

Nuclear neutrino research includes neutrino experiments such as SNO, Super-Kamiokande, KamLAND, SAGE, and double-beta decay and theory of neutrino oscillations. 

A linear array of the original Kamiokande-style detectors, arranged on a long baseline (50-100 km), might also track the sinusoidal dependence on distance of the flavor content of a v beam. This disappearance experiment would bypass the difficult problem of devising a Vj detector for the Fermilab and CERN experiments and would still serve the equivalent purpose of demonstrating neutrino oscillations conclusively. 

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