Kac-ring model

Fig. 8.27 Kac ring model black and white balls move on a circular ring through points 1,2,..., IV. If a ball moves across a point marked with a cross ( x ), it changes color.

A simple model that illustrates the mathematical origins of irreversibility was first introduced by Kac in 1956 [kac56] and has come to be known as Kac s Ring Model. 

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