Isotypes definition

This definition makes the isotypic decomposition given in Proposition 6.11 easier to write down. 

Five steps are important in the production of hybridomas to be used for the secretion of mAbs of a determined specificity (Nelson et al., 2000) (1) immunization of mice, (2) fusion and selection of secreting hybridomas (3) cloning of hybridomas, (4) definition of the isotype of mAbs obtained, and (5) further development (Figure 17.3). 

Step 4 Definition of the isotype of monoclonal antibodies obtained... 

For the Classification of Minerals , crystal-structure determinations improved the definitions of mineral species and varieties, assisted in the development of the concept of crystal structure types, helped to establish isotypic series and homeotypic and heterotypic groups, and pointed to the recognition of much broader crystallochemical relationships. The X-ray method appreciably simplified the generally unique characterization of a mineral species and led to a reduction in varieties and the discreditation of many minerals accepted up to that time, thereby eliminating countless superfluous mineral names . 

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