Irrigation isotope

The recharged irrigation water is enriched in dissolved ions as a result of evapotranspiration activity, a feature also reflected in enrichment in the heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. 

Schroeder R. A., Setmire J. G., and Densmore J. N. (1991) Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish groundwater from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin. In Irrigation and Drainage, Proc. 1991 national conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 22-26, 1991 (ed. W. F. Ritter). American Society of Civil Engineers. 

Only in a few areas, at least as far as we now know, are any elements naturally in a state that can cause harm. In a few other unfortunate areas, soils contain synthetic chemicals, synthetic radioactive isotopes, and elements that have been concentrated by human activities. These areas are a serious problem. In an agricultural sense, the severest concentration problem is the Widespread accumulation of salts in irrigated arid lands. The mere presence of a chemical in soils is rather insignificant. What... 

The trace alkali and alkaline earth cations are present in the following amounts lithium, 10-300 mg kg-1 rubidium, 20-500 mg kg-1 beryllium, 0.5-10 mg kg-1 strontium, 600-1000 mg kg-1 barium, 100-3000 mg kg-1 and radium, perhaps 10-7 mg kg-1. Some varieties of fmit trees are sensitive to as little as l mg L-1 Li+ in irrigation water, but Li+ toxicity is rare. Rubidium, cesium, strontium, and barium have all been studied in the laboratory, but have received little attention in the field. Strontium has been studied because its radioactive isotope 90Sr (half-life = 28 years) is produced by nuclear fission and could cause long-term soil contamination after nuclear explosions or accidents. In soils the toxic Be2+ ion behaves more like AI3 1 than like the other alkaline earth cations. 

Nielsen, D. R., Reichardt, K., and Wierenga, P. J. (1983). Characterization of field-measured soil-water properties. In Isotope and Radiation Techniques in Soil Physics and Irrigation Studies 1983. pp. 55-78. Report lAEA-SM-267/40, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 

Stage, H., and Eischer, W. G., GIT Fachz. Lab. 28 (1979) 8, 724—731 Matwiyoff, N. A., et al.. The Stable Isotopes (ICONS) Research and Development Program at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, in Proceedings Series Isotope and Radiation Techniques in Soil Physics and Irrigation Studies , IAEA, Vienna 1977 Asatiani, P. Ya., et al.. Industrial Pilot Plant for the Production of Oxygen-18, in Panel Proceedings Series Stable Isotopes in the Life Sciences , IAEA, Vienna 1977... 

Mohamed Fahmy Hussein (isotope hydrology and geochemistry applied in the holistic approach on surface and groundwater resources use conservation and improvement of water quality water management by integrating unsaturated and saturated zones and the potential promotion of water users implication in the control of water resources in the irrigated soils via water treatment and reuse). Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University (CU), Cairo... 

Decorporation is the removal of internal contamination. This is often achieved by exploiting the chemical properties of the isotope(s), using a chelating agent (Table 6.3). Alternative methods include bronchial lavage and whole-bowel irrigation. 

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