Ionizing radiation millirad

Rad means a measure of the dose of any ionizing radiation to body tissues in terms of the energy absorbed per unit of mass of the tissue. One rad is the dose corresponding to the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of tissue (1 millirad (mrad)=0.001 rad). 

The sea level cosmic ray dose is 300 millirad-yr and the sea level ionization is 2.2 x 10 ion pairs m s l The sea level flux has a soft component, which can be absorbed in about 100 mm of lead (about 100 g-cm of absorber) and a more penetrating (largely muon) hard component. The sea level radiation is Icirgely produced in the atmosphere and is a secondary component from interactions of the primary particles. The steep primary energy spectrum means that most secondaries at sea level are from rather low energy primaries. Thus the secondary flux is dependent on the solar cycle and the geomagnetic latitude of the observer. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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