Ionization, polymer-bearing surfaces

In both cataphoretic and anaphoretic resists an ionized polymer acts as a surfactant to emulsify itself and the other resist ingredients in water. The resulting micelles are typically of the order of 50-200 nm in diameter and bear a surface charge. A typical micelle in a cataphoretic emulsion, surrounded by a diffuse layer of counter-ions, is shown in Fig. 2.1. 

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