Ionisation Energy and Number of Excited Atoms

1 Boltzmann is a distribution constant of a large number of particles among different energy states which could be discrete and quantified for particles understudy. The Boltzmann constant is a constant per molecule and is given by fe = 1.38 x 10-23JK-1. 

At equilibrium, the relative population of excited and ground state atoms at a given temperature can be considered using the Boltzmann relationship. N and N0 of any two states is given by  

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