Ionic Liquids Opportunities for Catalytic Reactions

Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 3-527-30721-4 

Pyridinium, imidazolium (including chiral imidazolium and protic imidazolium) 

RS04 [14] (sulfate and alkylsulfate) P04 , RjP04 (phosphate and alkylphosphate) 

Interestingly, the [EMIM][N(S02CH3)2] ionic liquid is a low-melting salt completely miscible with water. However, the hydrogen bonding within the salt results in an increase in viscosity and a decrease in thermal stability compared to the NTf2 analogue [27]. 

Other nonhalogenated anions, such as tosylate, sulfate, alkylsulfate, sulfonate, borate, lactate, or salicylate, have been developed more recently and their physicochemical properties have been described. ILs with triazolate anions can serve as both solvent and basic catalyst for the isomerization of isocyanate [15]. 

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