Ionic liquid capping

A facile route into Fe, Ru, Os, and Fe203 nanoparticles has been reported that involves thermolysis of cluster precursors in ionic liquids the nanoparticles are in the range 1.5-2.5 nm, and require no extra stabilizers or capping molecules.43... 

Okada Y, Sawada H (2009) Preparation of novel cross-linked fluoioalkyl end-capped cooligo-meric nanoparticles-encapsulated cytochrome c in water and ionic liquids. CoUoid Polym Sd 287 1359-1363... 

Zhang C, Chen J, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Li D (2009) Synthesis of tiibutylphosphate capped luminescent rare earth phosphate nanocrystals in an ionic liquid microemulsion. Chem Mater 21 3570-3575... 

McEntee, C. Wishart, J. F. (2008). Manipulating the properties of ionic liquids by synthetic design. Abstracts, 40th Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Queens, NY, United States, May 17-21, (2008), MRM-052 Lewandowski, A. Galinski, M. (2004). Carbon-ionic liquid double-layer cap>acitors. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 65,2-3, (2004), 281-286 MacFarlane, D. R. Meakin, P. Sun, J. A. N. Forsyth, M. (1999). Pyrrohdinium Imides A new family of molten salts and conductive plastic crystal phases. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 20, (1999), 4164-4170... 

Handa, N. Sugimoto, T. Yamagata, M. Kikuta, M Kono, M. Ishikawa, M. (2008). A neat ionic liquid electrolyte based on FSI anion for electric double layer cap>acitor. Journal of Power Sources, 185, (2008). pp. 1585-1588. 

Stable ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium metal nanoparticles have been reproducibly obtained by facile, rapid, and energy-saving microwave irradiation under an argon atmosphere from their metal-carbonyl precursors [M(x)(CO)(y)] in the ionic liquid l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Redel et al., 2009 Vollmer et al., 2010). The metal nanoparticles synthesized have a very small (<5 nm) and uniform size and are prepared without any additional stabilizers or capping molecules as long-term stable metal nanoparticles-ionic liquid dispersions. The ruthenium, rhodium, or iridium nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquids are highly active and easily recyclable catalysts for the biphasic liquid-liquid hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane. 

Wang, Y. Yang, H. (2006). Oleic acid as the capping agent in the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Chemical Communication, No.24, pp. 2545-2547, ISSN 1359-7345... 

The polymer matrix can also be modified. For example, cations or anions can be introduced as end caps on PEO oligomers to form an ionic liquid, or side chains of the polymer can be changed into imidazolium ions that can form ionic liquids. Due to the sharp decrease of Tg from 3.2°C to -61.6°C, the ionic conductivity at room temperature is up to 10" S/cm after adding UCF3SO3. 

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