Ionic compounds colligative properties

Compare and contrast the ability of water to dissolve ionic and covalent compounds. Distinguish solutions from colloids. Compare and contrast colligative properties. 

Let us focus attention on the simple 1 1 electrolyte H+Cr. Its activity a, as a compound, may be found from colligative properties, but the activities of the ions, a and a, are not determinable separately. These ionic activities must first be carefully defined in terms of a reference state with unit fugacity as before, a f-/f- The reference states are defined such that, for the equation ... 

Given the concentration of ionic compound in a solution, calculate the magnitude of a colligative property if i is not given, assume the value based on the formula of the ionic compound. (EXAMPLE 12.14)... 

The colligative properties of an electrolyte solution can be used to determine percent dissociation. Percent dissociation is the percentage of dissolved molecules (or formula units, in the case of an ionic compound) that separate into ions in solution. For a strong electrolyte such as NaCl, there should be complete, or 100 percent, dissociation. However, the data in Table 13.4 indicate that this is not necessarily the case. An experimentally determined van t Hoff factor smaller than the corresponding calculated value indicates less than 100 percent dissociation. As the experimentally determined van t Hoff factors for NaCl indicate, dissociation of a strong electrolyte is more complete at lower concentration. The percent ionization of a weak electrolyte, such as a weak acid, also depends on the concentration of the solution. 

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